Neutrinovoltaics: acknowledging global scientific cooperation

By Neutrino Energy 10 September 2025 Updated on 17 September 2025

Neutrinovoltaics: acknowledging global scientific cooperation

Creating knowledge without borders

On the road of scientific discovery and technological innovation, no path is ever walked alone. The Neutrino® Energy Group expresses its thanks to the many scientists, institutes and visionaries who have contributed their knowledge, their questions and their courage to think beyond established boundaries. Every idea shared, every experiment carried out, every constructive dialogue and all the knowledge that has emerged from them have helped to form the foundation of what we are building further together under the name “neutrinovoltaics”.

Our progress is not the achievement of a single group, but the echo of many voices in harmony – a symphony of mathematics, physics, engineering and human determination. It is this spirit of cooperation that unites different cultures and disciplines and enables us to turn the bold vision of neutrinovoltaics into tangible reality for the benefit of all. To everyone who has walked with us and continues to walk with us, we say:

Thank you

Your commitment is not only part of our history, but also part of a shared future that belongs to all of humanity.

Holger Thorsten Schubart

Our thanks go to the following institutions

Europe

Max Planck Society (Germany)
Fraunhofer Institutes (Germany), Helmholtz Association (Germany)
CERN (Switzerland)
ETH Zurich (Switzerland)
École Polytechnique (France)
Imperial College London (UK)
University of Cambridge (UK)
University of Oxford (UK)

Asia

Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory – JUNO (China)
Tsinghua University (China), Peking University (China)
Kyoto University (Japan)
Osaka University (Japan)
University of Tokyo (Japan)
Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) network (India)
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (India)
Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET)
Pune (India) — an autonomous scientific society under the Indian Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, dedicated to promoting research and development in electronic materials and devices, from nanomaterials and sensors to electronics packaging and e-waste recycling.

Americas

Fermilab (USA), Brookhaven National Laboratory (USA)
MIT (USA)
Stanford University (USA)
University of California System (USA)
National Renewable Energy Laboratory – NREL (USA)
University of São Paulo (Brazil)
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)

Russia & CIS

Moscow State University (Russia)
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research – JINR Dubna (Russia)

Global & interdisciplinary

International Centre for Theoretical Physics – ICTP (Italy)
African Institute for Mathematical Sciences – AIMS (pan-African)
various nanotechnology and materials science laboratories worldwide

This list is neither exhaustive nor final. But it is a living testimony to a global community of knowledge and inspiration. To every scientist, every engineer and every institution that has contributed their voice to this symphony of progress: we honour your contribution and welcome you as part of a shared journey into a brighter future.

Neutrinovoltaics power formula

Basis of the technology

Developed by the Neutrino® Energy Group under the direction of Holger Thorsten Schubart.
Basis: nanocomposite of alternating layers of graphene (~0.34 nm) and n-doped silicon (10–22 nm)
Graphene: extremely high electron mobility (~2×10⁵ cm²/V·s), ultra-fast response time (<1 ns), huge surface area (~2630 m²/g), converts energy into phonons (10¹²–10¹³ Hz)
n-silicon: creates a built-in field (10⁴–10⁵ V/m), suppresses recombination (< 10³ cm⁻³·s⁻¹), directs charge carriers for a stable current flow.

Explanation of phonons

Formula

P(t) = η ·∫ V Φ_eff(r,t) · σ_eff(E) dV

P(t) – instantaneous output power
η – conversion efficiency
V – volume of the active material
Φ_eff(r,t) – effective energy density of the particle flux
σ_eff(E) – effective cross-section
E – particle energy

Meaning

It is not the area but the volume of the material that is decisive.
Increase η (material, structure)
η – conversion efficiency
Enlarge V (denser layers)
Maximise Φ_eff & σ_eff (nanostructure design)

Conclusion The formula provides the theoretical framework for calculating the output of neutrinovoltaic systems and shows the role of volume effects and material interactions.